Wind turbine power transistor array12/6/2023 ![]() Since high solar energy conversion efficiency is highly dependent on surface area of solar cells in addition to availability of sunlight, MEMS or other portable devices, which may not gain the best profit from solar energy due to their inherent tiny physical size, require other ambient energy sources. Solar power system is one of the most usual methods of energy harvesting. The available natural harvestable energy in outdoor environment includes solar, thermal and vibrations. Due to similarity in the fabrication, micromachining and microelectronics can be integrated to offer micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS), a practical micro-system with high portability and reliability. Advanced design automation methods can enhance the fabrication quality and circuit performance by considering the electronic device parasitic effects and manufacturability issues. Likewise, integrated circuits (IC) can be fabricated with similar procedures. ![]() Micromachining has been interpenetrating several disciplines (e.g., medicine, optics, mechanical and electrical engineering). Several processing methods for micromachining fabrication, such as bulk micromachining, surface micromachining, and LIGA (Lithographie, Galvanoformung, Abformung), have been proposed. By using lithography and etching techniques to expose the designed patterns on silicon surface, this technology can manufacture micrometer-sized or even smaller mechanical parts. The micromachining technology is known as one major method for producing portable devices. High portability promises easy deployment and reduced interfacing cost. The level of portability is identified by device dimension and lightness. Portability, as an important factor in many practical applications, is strongly demanded. The energy harvesting from ambient resources is the key of this technology. Due to these concerns, more efforts are striving to replace the batteries with more efficient power solutions that have no lifetime worries. ![]() However, size limitation and recharging necessity prevent a capability of autonomy. Normally only batteries are used to power the aforementioned devices that feature low power consumption. Finally some insights and research trends are pointed out based on an overall analysis of the previously published works along the historical timeline.Įnergy harvesting has become an interesting field of research in recent few years with a target of meeting energy requirements for low-power electronic applications, such as implantable biosensors, consumer electronics, military equipment, and wireless sensor networks (WSN). The power management systems are also surveyed to explore the possibility of improving energy conversion efficiency. Furthermore, this paper categorizes the previously published portable wind energy harvesters to macro and micro scales in terms of their physical dimensions. The comparison between both mechanisms shows that the aeroelastic mechanism has promising potential in producing an energy harvester in smaller scale although how to maintain the resonator perpendicular to wind flow for collecting the maximum vibration is still a major challenge to overcome for this mechanism. In this regard, rotational and aeroelastic mechanisms are analyzed for the portable wind energy harvesting devices. The paper also takes another view of this area by gauging the required mechanisms for trapping wind flow from ambient environment. The electrical power generation methods of portable wind energy harvesters are surveyed in three major groups, piezoelectric-, electromagnetic-, and electrostatic-based generators. In this paper, a comprehensive study on contemporary portable wind energy harvesters has been conducted. Energy harvesting has become an increasingly important topic thanks to the advantages in renewability and environmental friendliness.
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